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Comprehensive review for HESI Pharmacology Exam 2025
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50 expert-verified questions with answers
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Detailed drug classifications and high-yield concepts
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Strengthens pharmacology knowledge for RN candidates
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Guarantees confidence for exam success
Preview
Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan XL) is prescribed for a client with neurogenic bladder.
Which sign would indicate a possible toxic effect related to this medication?
1. Pallor
2. Drowsiness
3. Bradycardia
4. Restlessness – – correct ans- -4.Restlessness
Rationale:Toxicity (overdosage) of this medication produces central nervous system
excitation, such as nervousness, restlessness, hallucinations, and irritability. Other
signs of toxicity include hypotension or hypertension, confusion, tachycardia, flushed
or red face, and signs of respiratory depression. Drowsiness is a frequent side effect of
the medication but does not indicate overdosage.
After kidney transplantation, cyclosporine (Sand immune) is prescribed for a client.
Which laboratory result would indicate an adverse effect from the use of this
medication?
1. Decreased creatinine level
2. Decreased hemoglobin level
3. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level
4. Decreased white blood cell count – – correct ans- -3. Elevated blood urea nitrogen
level
Rationale:Nephrotoxicity can occur from the use of cyclosporine (Sandimmune).
Nephrotoxicity is evaluated by monitoring for elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and
serum creatinine levels. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant but does not depress
the bone marrow.
Cinoxacin (Cinobac), a urinary antiseptic, is prescribed for the client. The nurse reviews
the client’s medical record and should contact the health care provider (HCP) regarding
which documented finding to verify the prescription? Refer to chart.
1. Renal insufficiency
2. Chest x-ray: normal
3. Blood glucose, 102 mg/dL
4. Folic acid (vitamin B6) 0.5 mg, orally daily – – correct ans- -1. Renal insufficiency
Rationale:Cinoxacin should be administered with caution in clients with renal
impairment. The dosage should be reduced, and failure to do so could result in
accumulation of cinoxacin to toxic levels. Therefore the nurse would verify the
prescription if the client had a documented history of renal insufficiency. The laboratory
and diagnostic test results are normal findings. Folic acid (vitamin B6) may be
prescribed for a client with renal insufficiency to prevent anemia.
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