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Ultimate study guide for ATI Med-Surg 2025
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100 real practice questions with detailed rationales
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Focuses on medical-surgical nursing concepts
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Designed for nursing students preparing for the proctored exam
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Boosts critical thinking and exam readiness
Preview
1. Dehydration in Gastroenteritis
Question:
A nurse is caring for a client who has gastroenteritis. Which of the following assessment
f
indings should the nurse recognize as an indication that the client is experiencing
dehydration?
Options: a. Pitting, dependent edema
b. Distended jugular veins
c. Increased BP
d. Decreased BP ✅
Rationale:
Dehydration leads to a reduced circulating blood volume, which results in hypotension
(low blood pressure). This is a classic indicator, especially in patients with fluid loss
such as from vomiting or diarrhea due to gastroenteritis.
2. IV Medication for Diabetes Insipidus
Question:
A nurse is caring for a client who has a contusion of the brainstem and reports thirst.
The client’s urinary output was 4,000 ml over the past 24 hours. The nurse should
anticipate a prescription for which of the following IV medications?
Options: a. Desmopressin ✅
b. Epinephrine
c. Furosemide
d. Nitroprusside
Rationale:
High urine output and excessive thirst are signs of diabetes insipidus, commonly
associated with brain injuries. Desmopressin is a synthetic form of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) and is used to treat this condition by reducing urine production.
3. ACE Inhibitor Cough
Question:
A nurse in a clinic receives a phone call from a client who recently started therapy with
an ACE inhibitor and reports a nagging dry cough. Which of the following responses by
the nurse is appropriate?
Options: a. “Your cough may require that you stop or change your medication.” ✅
b. “Increasing your daily fluid intake may eliminate your cough.”
c. “Sucking on lozenge may reduce the frequency of your cough.”
d. “Your cough should go away in time.”
Rationale:
A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors due to the
accumulation of bradykinin. This may warrant discontinuing or switching to another
class of medication like ARBs.
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