Prepare for the Rasmussen Pathophysiology Final Exam in 2024 with this comprehensive study guide, featuring expert-verified questions and answers. Designed for nursing and health science students, this resource covers essential pathophysiology topics, including disease processes, cellular dysfunction, immune responses, and systemic disorders, aligned with 2024 Rasmussen exam standards. Each question is crafted to reflect the final exam format, with detailed answers providing in-depth explanations to enhance your understanding of complex concepts. This study guide is your key to mastering pathophysiology and succeeding in your 2024 Rasmussen final exam.
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1. Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided heart failure?
A. Increased Urination
B. Peripheral Edema ✅ (Correct Answer)
C. Pulmonary Edema
D. Immunosuppression
Rationale:
Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic congestion, causing fluid buildup in the
extremities, resulting in peripheral edema. Pulmonary edema is a sign of left-sided heart
failure, not right-sided. Increased urination (polyuria) is not a primary sign, and
immunosuppression is not directly related to heart failure.
2. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select
all that apply)
A. Jugular Vein Distention
B. Cough with Frothy Sputum ✅
C. Crackles Auscultated in Lungs ✅
D. Dyspnea ✅
Rationale:
Left-sided heart failure results in pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms such as
cough with frothy sputum, crackles auscultated in lungs, and dyspnea (shortness of
breath). Jugular vein distention (JVD) is more commonly associated with right-sided heart
failure due to systemic fluid overload.
3. Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
A. Antibiotics and Steroids
B. Vitamin D and Calcium
C. Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
D. ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers ✅ (Correct Answer)
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers are standard treatments for heart failure as they help
reduce blood pressure, decrease cardiac workload, and improve survival rates.
Antibiotics and steroids are not typically used for heart failure. Calcium channel blockers
are used in some cardiovascular conditions but not as first-line heart failure treatment.
4. Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
A. An autoimmune disorder
B. A venous blood clot from the lower extremity ✅ (Correct Answer)
C. An increase in intracranial pressure
D. Hypotension
Rationale:
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is most often caused by a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from
the lower extremities that travels to the lungs. Autoimmune disorders and increased
intracranial pressure are not common causes of PE. While hypotension can be a result of
PE, it is not a cause.
A. Increased Urination
B. Peripheral Edema ✅ (Correct Answer)
C. Pulmonary Edema
D. Immunosuppression
Rationale:
Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic congestion, causing fluid buildup in the
extremities, resulting in peripheral edema. Pulmonary edema is a sign of left-sided heart
failure, not right-sided. Increased urination (polyuria) is not a primary sign, and
immunosuppression is not directly related to heart failure.
2. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select
all that apply)
A. Jugular Vein Distention
B. Cough with Frothy Sputum ✅
C. Crackles Auscultated in Lungs ✅
D. Dyspnea ✅
Rationale:
Left-sided heart failure results in pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms such as
cough with frothy sputum, crackles auscultated in lungs, and dyspnea (shortness of
breath). Jugular vein distention (JVD) is more commonly associated with right-sided heart
failure due to systemic fluid overload.
3. Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
A. Antibiotics and Steroids
B. Vitamin D and Calcium
C. Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
D. ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers ✅ (Correct Answer)
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers are standard treatments for heart failure as they help
reduce blood pressure, decrease cardiac workload, and improve survival rates.
Antibiotics and steroids are not typically used for heart failure. Calcium channel blockers
are used in some cardiovascular conditions but not as first-line heart failure treatment.
4. Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
A. An autoimmune disorder
B. A venous blood clot from the lower extremity ✅ (Correct Answer)
C. An increase in intracranial pressure
D. Hypotension
Rationale:
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is most often caused by a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from
the lower extremities that travels to the lungs. Autoimmune disorders and increased
intracranial pressure are not common causes of PE. While hypotension can be a result of
PE, it is not a cause.
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